Tutu-julkaisut 2024
Tutu eJulkaisut 2024 / FFRC eBooks:
Sirkka Heinonen, Risto Sivonen, Joni Karjalainen, Amos Taylor, Saija Toivonen & Lassi Tähtinen
TESTING URBAN RESILIENCE WITH IMMERSIVE CLA AND WHAT IF?
Three Cases: Rovaniemi, Kotka and Tripla
FFRC eBooks 1/2024
Finland Futures Research Centre, University of Turku
ISBN 978-952-249-594-5 (print)
ISBN 978-952-249-612-6 (pdf)
ISSN 1797-1322
The world is full of volatility, complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity (VUCA), nurturing rapid change and disruption with much potential for crises. Alone in this century, societies have been shaken by multiple crises. Futures studies can help imagining and envisioning sustainable post-crises worlds that are better for all living species. Crises should be counterbalanced by strengthening crisis awareness, crisis preparedness and crisis resilience as is our aim within the RESCUE project (Real Estate and Sustainable Crisis Management in Urban Environments). Testing and rehearsing crises via cognitive, multistakeholder foresight processes helps build futures preparedness and preventive stances. Futures literacy is expanded to embrace crisis awareness and preparedness as a key to robust futures resilience.
Constructing cities worldwide has direct impacts on nature, health, wellbeing and equality. Simultaneously, digitalisation is transforming the urban space profoundly. The sustainable twin transition of the green and the digital requires careful balancing. We should be addressing and modifying the built environment, both land and space, as a rescue mode in crises. Anticipatory governance can drive crisis preparedness and help determine the resilience of urban environments. In this experimental foresight exercise, we apply the metaphor constructing the future in our inquiry on the kinds of governance and regulations that would be needed for making cities and the built environment resilient. What policies would have to be changed; and how should they be framed, for them to become truly transformative? In addition, we look for potential barriers and incentives for promoting successful crisis preparedness, as well as suggestions for concrete policy actions and recommended practices that would promote actor involvement, equal power relations, and collaboration, and as a result enable community empowerment toward resilient urban environments. Methodologically we apply a rehearsing futures approach and use empirical data from three futures cliniques for testing and analysing possible direct and indirect impacts of a crisis. For this exercise the crisis chosen was total electronic blackout and for analysing it we applied the foresight method causal layered analysis (CLA). The data presented in this report was subsequently collected with stakeholders in three different urban cases: 1) Rovaniemi, 2) Kotka and 3) the Tripla complex in Helsinki.
Tolga Karayel, Jari Kaivo-oja, Tero Villman, Laura Pouru-Mikkola, Michael Lindholm & Eero Immonen
EXPLORING SMART CITY DIGITAL TWINS
From Distinct Concepts Towards Integrated Socio-Technical Applications
FFRC eBooks 2/2024
Finland Futures Research Centre, University of Turku
ISBN 978-952-249-613-3, ISSN 1797-1322
In the research-based e-book report of the Smart City Digital Twins (SCDTs) project, we have provided different conceptualization approaches on Smart City and Digital Twins, then attempt to merge those varying concept-lines with general guidelines for data management and knowledge management. It was a difficult task to bring together the smart city and the digital twin concepts into one common denominator. Smart cities can be defined as socio-technical urban systems. Cities are a social system with dynamics of people, goods, culture, biodiversity, sustainability, and creativity. Technical systems of these complex social system require intense technological infrastructures. Thus, the collection, extraction, consistency of the data in smart cities as socio-technical systems should ensure city planners, businesses, people to make current and future-oriented informed-decisions by considering all the urban data within cities. Further, this requires more data management and the integration of data sets into real urban planning processes. The essential challenge is the integration of data/information systems concerning each other and the development of systemic entities in cooperation with expert groups and experts from different professional areas of urban planning.
The concept of digital twins can be considered only if smart city reaches essential maturity, because digital twins, with their basic definition, are the real-time replication of a process, product and systems in digital environments. In this regard, various feasible frameworks and methods have been presented whether a city’s smart city initiatives have sufficient maturity e.g., for digital twin integration. Maturity of smart city and its systemic urban planning entities can be examined from the Smart City Wheel framework, as shown in the research report.
Also, in this final report, we identified ten key challenges of the co-creation of smart cities and digital twins and presented them in the following Policy Brief section. Often these dossiers have been developed in isolation, which is a problematic approach in many ways. This was also an important strategic issue and a key challenge for the Smart City Digital Twins project.
This publication is the final report of the Smart City Digital Twins project, which includes the following topics. In Chapter 1, we motivate the readers of our report on the different themes of Smart City Digital Twins development activities. The Smart City Digital Twins challenge affects all public sector and urban developers, as well as businesses and industry, the academic research community, and civil society actors (i.e. the so-called "Digital Twins"). Quadruple Helix stakeholders). In Chapter 2, we introduce readers to the content discussion of both Smart City and Digital Twin concepts and recent scientific developments in the field. In this context, we see that scientific research today provides a strong case for the development of smart cities and digital twins. In Chapter 3, we provide a methodological overview of the foresight and urban planning methods used during the project, which were also piloted in the project. In Chapter 3 Boyd Cohen’s Smart City Wheel approach is introduced and data collection/management framework of urban city studies is explained. In Chapter 3, we also explain Benchmarking, Bench-learning, and Bench-action Process approach, participatory hybrid foresight framework, and applied case study framework of cities. In Chapter 4, we report insights into smart city digital twins' development from urban case studies (Turku, Gdańsk, Wrocław, and Vilnius). Insights are based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. In Chapter 5, conclusive remarks and reflections are presented.
